Website Navigation: Home / Resources / Vocabulary for IELTSCollocations for IELTS
Here are some of the Lexical Resource related to the Topic: Environment. Go through it thoroughly and then try to practice Cue Cards and Essays regarding the same topic which will be shared below soon. This will help you to understand the subject better, and will help you score more. Best of Luck.
Environment and miscellaneous topics
- Global warming
- Protection
- Contamination
- Biosphere
- Emissions
- Pollutant particles
- Run-off
- Water cycle
- Aquifers
- Filtration
- Water table
- Tainted
- Soil erosion
- Logging
- Dumping
- Waste
- Landfills
- Waste processing
- Poaching
- Habitat loss
- Food chain
- Dwindling numbers
- Extinction
- Famine
- Drought
- Irrigation
- Catastrophe
- Exacerbate
- Sustainability
- Conservation
- Environmental protection
- Consumerism
- Half-life
- Wellbeing
- Toxic
- Ecological
- Extinct
- Endangered species
- Vulnerable
- Preservation
- Deterioration
- Eco friendly
- Bio friendly
- Renewable
- Outskirts of large towns
- Pollutants in food
- Factory emissions
- Mantra
- Chemical fertilizers
- Facilities for recycling
- Own-brand products
- Disintegrate
- Education program
- Reuse and recycle
- Single-use application
- Non-renewable
- Ozone layer
- Temperature
- Calamities
- Weather
- Climatic changes
- Polar ice
- Forests
- Jungles
- Deforestation
- Vast
- Plantation
- Habitat
- Flora and fauna
- Alternative sources
- Energy
- Abundant
- Solar
- Wind
- Oceanic tides
- Responsibility
- Accountable
- Judicial careful
- Future resources
- High and low tides
- Utilize
- Efficiently
- Effectively
- Soil
- Avoid
- Waste
- Duty
- Air quality
- Results
- Causes
- Effects
- Consequences
- Vehicles
- Pollution
- Fossil pads
- Smoke
- Green belts
- CFCs
- Co2 emissions
- Gases
- Hole in ozone
- Harmful
- UV radiations
- Atmosphere
- Biochemical icebergs
- Submerge
- Coastal
- Sea level typhoons
- Hurricanes upset
- Seasonal cycle
- Severely
- Unexpected
- Unpredictable
- Decay
- Degeneration
- Decomposition
- Fertilizer
- Artificial
- Save
- Pesticides
- Insecticides
- Epidemic
- Acid rains
- International levels
- Emission standards
- Species endangered
- Extinct
- Ecosystem
- Food chain
- Recyclable
- Erosion
- Organic
- Resources
- Wastelands
- Urbanization
- Industrialization
- Legislation
- To be under threat
- To die out
- Energy conservation
- Exhaust fumes
- Flash floods
- Future generations
- To get back to nature
- Heavy industry
- Humanitarian aid
- Impact on
- Man-made disaster
- Natural world
- Oil spill
- Pollution levels
- Paper recycling
- Poacher
- Toxic waste
- Melting of glaciers
- Types of environmental issues dealt with by the word now: -
- Air pollution
- Water pollution
- Land pollution
- Noise pollution
- Radioactive pollution
- Soil degradation
- Global warming
- Overpopulation
- Natural resource depletion
- Generating unsustainable waste
- Waste disposal
- Deforestation
- Polar ice caps
- Loss of biodiversity
- Climate change
- Ocean acidification
- Nitrogen cycle
- Ozone layer depletion
- Acid rain
- Overfishing
- Urban sprawl
- Genetic engineering
- Animal poaching
- outskirts of large towns: areas outside the city center, suburbs, or industrial district
- factory emissions: smoke and pollution from factories
- toxic fumes: smoke which is poisonous
- traffic jams: large queues of cars not moving
- pollutants in foods: dangerous chemicals
- pesticides: chemicals to keep bugs and animals away from plants
- chemical fertilizers: chemicals added to make soil stronger
- commute to work: drive or travel to work every day
- Mantra: frequently repeated statement
- reuse and recycle: use products again or find another purpose for them
- industrial waste is incinerated: waste that is burnt
- facilities for recycling: places where you can dispose of plastic/cardboard
- education program: teaching and learning in school or elsewhere
- consequences: the outcomes
- interspersed with (birds): mingled with, mixed with
- campaign: high profile policy for the public
- scientists predict: ideas for the future
- disintegrate: break down into small particles
- microplastics: very tiny pieces
- single-use applications: use once then throw out
- own- brand products: unique to the shop or supermarket
- the policy should be rolled out: implemented all over the country
- documentaries: factual TV programs
- Organic farming (farming without the use of chemicals)
- Crop rotation (growing of different crops in specific order to maintain nutrients of soil)
- Green manure, natural fertilizer, compost – fertilizer made from dead plants and crops
- Biological pest control – to control the pest by using other living organisms instead of chemicals
- Inorganic farming – farming with the use of chemicals
- Pesticide, insecticide, fungicide – substance used to kill insects or unwanted organisms
- Weedicide – to kill weeds and unwanted plants
- Chemical fertilizers – chemicals used to make soil fertile
- Genetic engineering, genetic modification – modification of character by changing DNA of an organism
- Terrace farming – farming on hilly or mountainous areas
- Irrigation types (ways of watering land for agriculture)
- Drip irrigation – irrigating by allowing the water to drip slowly
- Sprinkler irrigation – irrigating with the help of sprinkler
- Surface irrigation – distributing water evenly on soil surface
- Irrigation canals – artificial or natural waterways used for irrigation or for passage of boats
- Cash crops – crops grown for a commercial purpose like tobacco, cotton, etc
- Genetically modified crops (GM crops) – crops grown using genetic engineering
- Food crops – crops grown for eating like rice or wheat
- Orchard – a land for cultivation of fruits
- Vegetation – plant life, flora
- Weeds – unwanted plants grown
- Yield – amount of crop production
- Husk – outer covering of a seed
- Haystack – pile of dry grass
- Hedge, hedgerow, row of bushes – fence formed by growing bushes closely together
- Peasant – farmer
- Scarecrow – a dummy of human kept in the farms to keep the birds away
- Infertile, barren, unproductive land – land which cannot grow vegetation
- Fertile, productive land – land which is good for the growth of plants
- Sow the seeds
- Reap the crop, reap the harvest – cut and gather the crops
- Cultivate, till, plough, furrow, harrow – to prepare the land for growing plants
- Germinate – to sprout
- Farming equipments are thresher, sickle, spade, reaper, harvester
- Kitchen garden, vegetable garden, potage – a small garden in backyard to grow fresh vegetables
- Dig the plants
- Water the plants
- Grow the plants
- Grass cutter, trowel, shovel
- Antenna of insects – located on the head
- Beehive, honey-comb – place to stay for honeybees
- Larva – immature form of insect
- Hum – a continuous low sound like of bees
- Sting – bite
- Suck the nectar – suck juice from flowers
- Infest – to invade or spread in large numbers e.g., infested with mites
- Carnivorous – flesh eating
- Omnivorous – eating both flesh and plants
- Herbivorous – plant eating
- Domestic and wild pets – animals kept inside the house
- Reptile – snake
- Marine – related to sea
- Aquatic – related to water
- Amphibian – animals that can stay both in water and land
- Nocturnal – animal active at night
- Biped – two-legged
- Quadruped – four-legged
- Mammals – animal giving birth to young one
- Scavenger – feed on decay of dead animal
- Fang, canine tooth – sharp tooth
- Fins and gills – of a fish
- Fur – soft hair on outer layer of skin
- Hide – skin
- Hood of snake – a typical shape that cobra makes
- Hoof – padded foot
- Horn – pointed outgrowth on head
- Antler – branched horn e.g., of stag
- Ivory tusk – white outer teeth of elephant
- Mane – hair on neck or face
- Paw – soft foot
- Claw – curved pointed horny nail
- Pouch – pocket of kangaroos
- Tail – end part
- Trunk – of elephant
- Chirp – sound of birds
- Flutter – to flap wings quickly up and down
- Peck – to strike or bite with beak
- Perch – to rest or sit on branch
- Wade – to paddle water like of ducks
- Hatch the egg – chick coming out of egg
- Lay eggs – to produce an egg
- Bark – outer covering of a tree
- Branch – part arising from trunk and dividing
- Bud – closed or unfolded flower
- Twig – small branch coming from main branch
- Stone – a hard part in some stone fruits
- Petals – of flower
- Pollen grains – for pollination
- Root – part of plant below the ground
- Shoot – part of plant above the ground
- Sapling, seedling – a young plant
- Stem and trunk – the support of plant
- Thorns, spines, prickles – sharp points to protect
- Herb – very small sized plant
- Shrub – medium sized plant smaller than tree
- Tree – large sized plant
- Flowering plants – plants giving flowers
- Non-flowering plants – plants not giving flowers
- Hedge or hedgerow, bush – a shrub growing in density
- Creeper – plant that grows along the ground
- Climber – plant that climbs but with support
- Ornamental plants – plants grown for decorative purposes
- Blossom, bloom – open out from bud
- Wither, fade – to dry
- Germinate, sprout – to open from seed
- Pollinate – transfer of pollens to reproduce
- Pluck the flower – remove flower from plants
- Green peas (matar)
- Brinjal, aubergine, eggplant (baingan)
- Okra, lady’s finger (bhindi)
- Broad beans (papdi)
- Drumstick (sargava)
- Mustard green (sarson ka patta)
- Cauliflower (fulgobi)
- Carrot (gaajar)
- Radish (muli)
- Elephant yam (suran)
- Beetroot
- Potato (aloo)
- Sweet potato (shakar kand)
- Turnip (shalajam)
- Parsnip (chukandar)
- Horseradish
- Onion (pyaaz)
- Garlic (lahasun)
- Arrowroot
- Yam (rataaloo)
- Bitter gourd (karela)
- Bottle gourd (lauki)
- Ivy gourd (tindola)
- Apple gourd (tinda)
- Ridge gourd (turiya)
- Cucumber, zuchhini (kakdi)
- Snake gourd
- Pointed gourd
- Ash gourd
- Pumpkin
U
- Coriander leaves, cilantro, parsley
- Mint leaves
- Basil
- Curry leaves
- Oregano
- Mint
- Dill
- Rosemary
- Sage
- Thyme
- Barley (jau)
- Finger millet, red millet (ragi)
- Maize, corn (makai)
- Pearl millet (bajra)
- Sorghum (jowar)
- Oats (jaee)
- Wheat (gehoon)
- Rice (chavaal)
- Quinoa
- Rye
- Split and skinned green gram – Mung dal
- Green gram – Hare mung dal
- Black eyed beans – Chawli dal
- Split red lintels – masoor dal
- Indian brown lentils – sabar masoor
- Yellow pigeon peas – Toor dal
- Kidney beans – rahma
- Green peas – hari matar
- White peas – safed matar
- Split black gram – chana dal
- Black gram beans – urad dal
- Adzuki beans – chori dal
- Turkish gram – moth dal
- Brown chickpeas – kala chana
- Garbanzo beans – safed chana
- Black eyes peas – labhia
- Beaten rice – poha
- Sesame – til
- Pistachios – pista
- Apricot – khubani
- Dates – khajoor
- Cashew – kaju
- Almonds – badam
- Walmuts – akhrot
- Raisins – kismis
- Hazelnuts – pahadi badam
- Dry figs – anjeer
- Prunes – alubukhara
- Dry berries – jamun
- Fox nuts – makhana
- Seeds - beej
u
- Ground cumin
- Basil
- Cinnamon
- Bay leaves
- Smoked paprika
- Thyme
- Garlic powder
- Oregano
- Onion powder
- Rosemary
- Nutmeg powder
- Red pepper flakes
- Coriander powder
- Cayenne pepper
- Ground cloves
- Turmeric
- Curry powder
- Yellow mustard
- Cardamon powder
- Cajun seasoning
- Allspice powder
- Chilli powder
- Ginger powder
- Black pepper
- Sea salt
- Olive oil
- Balsamic vinegar
- Sriracha
- Honey Dijon mustard
- Ketchup
- Soy sauce
- Nutella
- Fennel seeds
- Green cardamom pods
- Roasted coriander seeds
- Gulkand
- Mint leaves
- Clove
- Guava leaves
- Tulsi leaves
Air Pollution
- Burning of fossil fuels
- Industrial emission
- Indoor air pollution (inadequate air ventilation, uneven temperature, and humidity)
- Wildfires
- Microbial decaying process
- Transportation
- Open burning of garbage waste
- Construction and demolition
- Agricultural activities
- Uses of chemical and synthetic products
- Mining activities
- Respiratory and heart diseases like pneumonia and asthma
- Global warming
- Acid rain
- Ozone layer depletion
- Effects on animals
- Air pollution control
- Avoid using fuel-based vehicles
- More use of green energy
- Energy conservation
- Use of public transport
- Construction of industry on the outskirts
- It is celebrated on the 22nd of September
- A few benefits of this day are lesser traffic congestion, fairly dwindle air and noise pollution, good for flora and fauna
- Passengers may enjoy nature while not being constantly focused on driving, and they can also save some money on fuel.
- Certain cons of this day are overcrowded public transportation leading to a spread of contagious diseases, uncomfortable and inconvenient journeys for the passengers, people may not reach their destination on time, and taxi drivers may lose their jobs.
Water Pollution
- Global warming (reduction of oxygen content in the ocean)
- Deforestation (exhaustion of water resources)
- Industry, agriculture, and livestock farming
- Rubbish and faecal water dumping
- Maritime traffic
- Accidental fuel spillages
- Groundwater pollution
- Mining activities
- Burning of fossil fuels
- Leakage from sewer lines
- Radioactive waste
- Leakage from the landfills
- Eutrophication
- Destruction of biodiversity
- Contamination of the food chain
- Lack of potable water
- Water-borne diseases
- Infant mortality (diarrhoeal diseases among children)
- Reduce CO₂ emissions and hence reduce in acidification of the oceans
- Reduce the use of chemical pesticides
- Reduce and safely treat wastewater
- Restrict the use of single-use plastics
- Encourage sustainable fishing
- Industrial water treatment
- Ozone wastewater treatment
- Septic tanks
- Denitrification
Land Pollution
- Deforestation
- Agricultural activities
- Mining activities
- Overcrowded landfills
- Industrialization
- Urbanization
- Construction activities
- Nuclear waste
- Sewage treatment
- Littering
- Soil pollution (soil erosion)
- Groundwater poisoning
- Drinking-water problems
- Change in climate patterns (loss of ecosystems)
- Effect on human health (skin cancer and human respiratory ailments)
- Air pollution
- Effect on wildlife (loss of species)
- Distraction for tourists (disgusting landfills)
- Wildfire (dry land)
- Habitat shifting (the natural habitat of animals getting lost)
- Spread awareness among people regarding the concept of reducing, reusing, and recycling
- Reduce the use of pesticides and fertilizers
- Reduce the use of non-biodegradable materials
- Avoid buying packaged items, hence, reduction in garbage and rubbish
- Ensure that people do not litter
- Buy biodegradable products
- Do organic gardening
- Create dumping ground away from residential areas
Noise Pollution
- Traffic noise
- Air traffic noise
- Construction sites
- Catering and nightlife
- Animals (mostly stray)
- Industrialization
- Physical (respiratory agitation, racing pulse, high blood pressure, headaches, and even heart attacks)
- Hearing loss
- Psychological (stress, fatigue, depression, anxiety, and hysteria)
- Sleep and behavioural disorders
- Memory and concentration
- Awareness should be spread regarding the seriousness of the issue
- Higher authorities should ensure correct noise management
- More use of bicycles among the citizens
- Limitations in decibels in the sound systems in marriage functions
- Installing noise insulation in new buildings
- Create pedestrians where traffic is only allowed to enter to offload goods at certain times
- Honking in public places should be banned
- Dense tree cover is useful in noise pollution prevention
Overpopulation
- Falling mortality rate
- Underutilized contraception
- Lack of female education due to religious bounds
- Increase in longevity
- Imbalance in death and birth rate
- Agricultural advancements
- Better medical facilities
- Technological advancements in fertility treatment
- Immigration
- Lack of family planning
- Lack of sex education
- Increase in climate change
- Decreased food security
- Malnutrition, starvation, and famine
- Impact on biodiversity loss
- Overexploitation of resources
- Degradation of environment
- Rise in unemployment
- Pandemics and epidemics
- Increased intensive farming
- Better education
- Education for girl child
- Making people aware of family planning
- Tax benefits or concessions for a single child instead of multiple
- Knowledge of sex education
- Social awareness to be spread
Deforestation
- Agricultural activities
- Livestock ranching (farmers cut down trees to grow food to feed the cattle)
- Illegal logging
- Urbanization
- Desertification of land
- Mining activities
- Forest fires
- Paper production
- Overpopulation
- Climate imbalance (frequent changes in climate)
- Increase in global warming
- Increase in greenhouse gas emissions
- Soil erosion
- Floods
- Wildlife extinction and habitat loss
- Acidic oceans (more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere makes oceans more acidic)
- A decline in life quality of people
- Food insecurity in the future (everyday products will not be available easily)
- Loss of biodiversity
- Government regulations
- Banning clear-cutting of forests
- Reforestation (giving new life to the destroyed forests) and afforestation (growing new forests)
- Reduce the consumption of paper
- Educate others
- Eat less meat (fewer cattle feeding)
- Purchase from sustainable, forest-friendly companies
- Reduce consumption of deforestation-prone products (palm oil, soy products)
- Avoid single-use packaging
- Choosing recycled or responsibly produced wood products
Global Warming
- Volcanoes (ash and smoke emitted during volcanic eruption go out into the atmosphere)
- Water vapour
- Melting permafrost (frozen soil that has environmental gases trapped in it for several years)
- Forest blazes (forest fires emit a large amount of carbon-containing smoke in the atmosphere)
- Deforestation (lack of oxygen and abundant carbon dioxide in the atmosphere)
- Use of vehicles (burning of fossil fuels)
- Increase in the release of Chlorofluorocarbon
- Development in industries (manufacturing goods)
- Agricultural activities
- Generating electricity
- Overconsumption of energy
- Overpopulation
- Rise in global temperature
- Threats to the ecosystem
- Climate change
- Spread of diseases
- High mortality rates
- Loss of natural habitat
- More severe storms
- Increased droughts
- Not enough food
- Encouragement in the use of renewable energies
- Producing and using clean energy
- Reducing our consumption of energy and water
- Sustainable transportation (carpooling, electric vehicles)
- Sustainable agriculture and forest management
- More and more recycling
- Encouraging the use of bicycles and walking for shorter distances
Acid Rain
- Burning fossil fuels
- Electricity generation
- Oil refineries
- Manufacturing of goods
- More and more use of vehicles in the cities
- Increases the acidity of lake water
- Can reduce the populations of organisms in the soil and water
- Dead trees can be commonly seen
- Rise in water-borne diseases among humans if contaminated water is consumed
- Loss of certain species in the water bodies
- Turn off lights, computers, and other appliances when not in use
- Use energy-efficient lighting, air conditioners, and heaters.
- Insulate your home
- Buy vehicles with low nitrogen oxide emissions
- Keep vehicles well maintained
- Carpool, use public transportation, or better yet, walk or bicycle whenever it is possible
Overfishing
- Poor fisheries management
- Unsustainable fishing
- Illegal and unregulated fishing activities
- Economic and food needs
- Government subsidies (subsidies in fishing equipment which allow unprofitable fishing entities to survive, eventually leading to overfishing)
- Unprotected oceans
- Open access fisheries
- Marine ecosystem imbalance
- Bottom dragging (harming sponges, coral, and other species)
- Dwindling harvest of targeted fish (population of fish that is worth consuming is reducing)
- Fishing of untargeted/endangered marine species
- Unsustainable aquaculture (prey fish population is reducing at an alarming rate)
- Socio-economic impact
- Pollution (fishing boats, trawlers, and vessels hurt marine life through oil and liquid and chemical spills)
- Education to the public regarding the seriousness of the issue
- Regulation from the government side
- Long-line fishing, bottom trawling, and blast fishing should be regulated, if not banned
- Reduction in the amount of sea life that we fish, farm, and kill as by catch
- Alternatives to consuming sea life
Urban Sprawl
- Also called suburban sprawl is the rapid expansion of the geographic extent of cities and towns, often characterized by low-density residential housing, single-use zoning, and increased reliance on private automobile transportation
- Usually done to accommodate the rising urban population
- It has been correlated with increased energy use, loss of agricultural capacity, water and air pollution, traffic congestion and a decline in community distinctiveness and cohesiveness
- An individual’s rising income allows one to purchase larger living space, hence entertaining the idea of urban sprawl
- Causes of urbanization may involve factors such as lower land rates, improved infrastructure, lack of urban planning, lower house tax rates, and consumer preferences
- Few of the repercussion of this sprawl include an increase in public expenditure, an impact on social lives, and health and sanitation issues among citizens
- Imparting proper education, application of some smart city planning ideas, and adopting the principle of new urbanism could be a handful of solutions to solve this issue
Genetic Engineering
- Also called genetic modification or genetic manipulation, is the modification and manipulation of an organism’s genes using technology.
- A set of technologies used to change the genetic makeup of cells, including the transfer of genes within and across species boundaries to produce improved or novel organisms
- Fighting diseases (animals, plants, vegetables, fruits, and humans)
- Increase in life expectancy
- Increased variety of foods and drinks
- Nutritious foods
- Inherited diseases could be cured
- Decrease in the use of pesticides
- Medical foods
- Decrease in the use of resources (water)
- Increase in the growth of animals and plants
- Development of specific characteristics
- Religious and ethical concerns (designer babies)
- Genetic issues (genetic manipulation may do more harm than good)
- Health issues (genetically modified food may lead to long-term health problems)
- Soldiers could be cloned from the genes of the strongest people
- Food chains could be broken if crops are resistant to predators
- Allergies
- Resistant insects and pests (some are helpful which can be killed)
- Antibiotic resistance
- Reduction in genetic variety
- Effects on wildlife
- Soil pollution (genetically modified plants)
- Displacement of certain natural species
- Influence of certain industries and interest groups
- Golden rice (provitamin A)
- Mouse-ear cress (to understand the nature of a variety of plant characteristics concerning photosynthetic activity, droughts, and growth speed)
- Onions (doesn’t make people cry and sulphur-containing substances are increased)
- Soybean oil (lowers the concentration of saturated fatty acids and increase the level of omega-3 fatty acids)
- Carrots (higher concentration of organically bound calcium)
- Abiotic stress (increasing frost resistance, drought resistance, or flooded fields resistance)
- Bananas (pepper gene is inserted for more resistance against diseases)
- Purple tomatoes (to produce anthocyanin to reduce the risk of mice getting cancer)
- Arctic apple (no longer turns brown after cutting and keeping it untouched)
- Mosquitoes (carry a self-limiting gene so they cannot spread the Zika virus)
- Pigs (deleted the section of DNA that leaves pigs vulnerable to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome)
- Cows (can produce milk similar in composition to that of humans, could replace mother’s milk)
- Featherless chickens (more tolerant to diseases and decreasing the labour of removing feathers)
- Spinach plants (can detect explosives and landmines called plant nano-bionics)
- Salmon (grows quickly)
- See-through frogs for humane research (world’s first transparent four-legged animal, dissection-free research could be possible)
- Monkey-pig chimera (goal of growing human organs in animals for transplantation)
- Human insulin, human growth hormone, and hepatitis B vaccine
Animal Poaching
- Lax and broken regulation systems (wildlife protection regulations can be circumvented)
- Highly priced and valued animal parts, products, and pets (the illegal wildlife market is a multibillion-dollar industry)
- Unproven religious, aphrodisiac, and medical values (for their hooves, tails, skin, feathers, teeth, heads, fur, horns, ivory, and so on)
- Food and exotic dishes for the elite
- To prevent animals from destroying the crops and attacking livestock
- Organized criminal networks
- Habitat loss, logging, and expansion of human settlement areas
- It leads to extinction
- Animals suffer needlessly
- It leads to more human deaths (poachers kill the rangers and security officers)
- Compounds criminal network activities and increase the health risk (human trafficking, corruption, and money laundering)
- An imbalance in the ecosystem
- Decreased tourist action (the lesser the varieties of wildlife, the lesser it is appealing to the tourists)
- Engage the public by making them more aware of animals
- Recruit more wildlife scouts
- Make stringent rules and regulations
- Reducing the demand for illegal wildlife and wildlife parts
- Give the animals a sanctuary (protection for the animals which are on the verge of extinction)
- Zoning (demarcating land for wild animals)
- Outlaw the purchase and sale of animal parts and products
- Fund the enforcement of regulations and anti-poaching efforts
- Amur leopard
- African elephant
- Amu tiger
- Black rhino
- Bengal tiger
- Hawksbill turtles
- Green turtles
- Indian elephants
- Indo-Chinese tiger
- Javan rhino
- Leatherback turtle
- Orangutan
- Malayan tiger
- Sumatran tiger
- Sumatran rhino
- White rhino
Wild Animals
- People have a responsibility to protect the species on the planet
- Loss of species can disrupt the balance of the ecosystem
- Biodiversity is essential for the well-being of the planet
- New medicines and treatments can be found by studying animal species
- It is the only way some species can be protected from extinction
- It is too costly.
- It involves law enforcement research and security
- Humans should be prioritised over animals
- Money should be spent on education and healthcare for people
- Species will become extinct. It is part of life.
- Not all animals are worth saving. Some animals are dangerous.
Animal Testing
- It has led to several medical advancements for humans
- It enhances the safety of the products being released
- There are no other testing alternatives
- Some animals are almost carbon copies of humans
- It offers a different set of legalities
- It provides an opportunity to examine a complete life cycle
- There are protections in place for the animal
- Many of the items that are tested are never used
- It can be an expensive practice
- It may not offer valid results
- Many facilities are exempt from animal welfare laws
- Animals do not need to be the only method of research
- Poor research practices invalidate the data obtained
- Reverse data can also be a problem with animal research
Zoos
- Zoos provide educational resources
- It provides a protected environment for endangered species
- It can provide a place for the humane treatment of rare animals
- It can also be an economic resource for a community
- It offers animal activities to maintain natural instincts and movements
- Veterinary care is readily available at most zoos for animals’ healthcare
- Zoos are working with universities to develop in-depth degree programs
- It has questionable ethics
- Breeding programs create dependencies
- Most zoos are treated as recreational facilities
- The lives of animals are secondary to the lives of people
- It can change animal behaviour
- Many zoos struggle financially and can no longer care for their animal properly
- Conservation is a goal that is not always sought
- Zoos can set an improper standard for future generations
- Breeding programs are not a guarantee for species' survival
Air Travel
- Fast speed of transportation
- Rapid service and dependable
- Low infrastructure
- No physical barriers (mountains and rivers)
- Defense service
- Security
- Costly service
- Limited capacity
- Undependable and risky (bad weather conditions)
- Accident-prone
- Requires skill to operate (pilot)
- Unfit for cheap and bulky goods
Drinking water should be free, not sold (bottled water)
- Involving profit-making agencies in water management and distribution would exclude the poorest from essential services
- Water is a human right and should be affordable to all, like food and like the medicines we need when we are ill
- Unlike the air that we breathe, water needs a costly infrastructure that must be maintained permanently
- Most brands of bottled water contain tiny plastic particles which we ingest when drinking
- Every human being needs an adequate amount of safe fresh water to not die from dehydration
- In some of the most populous countries in the world, tap water is not safe for drinking unless it has been boiled
- Ordinary plastic bottles may take centuries to decompose, but there are now plastic-free biodegradable water bottles
- To make tap water free, agencies might save money by reducing quality control costs
- As the old saying goes, you get what you pay for
- Disposable plastic water bottles have a disastrous effect on the environment
Plastic
- Extreme versatility and ability to be tailored to meet specific technical needs
- Lighter weight than competing materials reduces fuel consumption during transportation
- Good safety and hygiene properties for food packaging
- Durability and longevity
- Resistance to chemicals, water, and impact
- Excellent thermal and electrical insulation properties
- Comparatively lesser production cost
- Unique ability to combine with other materials like aluminum, foil, paper, and adhesives
- Far superior aesthetic appeal
- Plastics are typically made from resources that are non-renewable
- The majority of pollution found in the world’s oceans is plastic
- Plastic pollution can lead to several economic losses
- Plastic products cannot be infinitely recycled
- Energy is spent to recycle plastic
- Some plastics need hundreds of years to break down
- Significant costs for retailers
- Public health problems
- Acid rain
- Endangerment and extinction of species
Being a non-vegetarian
- Food variation
- Rich in protein
- Source of iron
- Rich source of minerals
- Omega-3 fatty acid resource
- Sharpen your mind
- Better health and fitness
- Meat consumption has been linked to risk of heart diseases, diabetes, kidney disorder, cancer, and weight gain
- Higher risk of constipation and bloating issues
- Meat eating can make you more furious and lustful
- The more the protein in this meal, the more challenging the digestion
- Rise in cholesterol levels in an individual
Nuclear Energy
- Produces low pollution
- One of the most low-carbon energy sources
- Essential to our response to climate change and greenhouse gas emissions
- Low cost
- Reliability
- High energy density
- Sufficient fuel availability
- There is an expensive initial cost to build
- Uranium is technically non-renewable
- Risk of accident (malfunctions can be catastrophic)
- Radioactive waste
- Limited fuel supply
- Impact on the environment
Responsibility for solving environmental issues
- The government cannot oversee or control the actions of all individuals
- Even with laws to protect the environment, individuals must cooperate
- People should actively reduce the amount of energy they use daily
- People should recycle plastics and other materials more
- People need to be responsible and buy products that do not harm the environment
- The government can impose tighter controls on companies that do not treat or dispose of waste effectively
- Only governments can change laws and ensure that they are enforced
- The government has the financial means to tackle nationwide pollution and other environmental problems
- The government can collect information on a national scale to see the whole picture and take effective steps to deal with the problems
Solving environmental problems
- Some pollution, such as river water pollution, is a localised problem
- The government knows best how to tackle their own domestic pollution problems
- The government of each country should be responsible for educating their people about conserving energy and the importance of recycling
- Residents need to take responsibility for their actions
- Only domestic governments can improve waste disposal and sanitation
- Better public transport policies which aim to help reduce gas emissions must be implemented domestically
- Developed countries are more responsible for global warming than other countries
- Global warming affects all countries worldwide and needs a joint effort to tackle it
- The reduction of greenhouse gas emissions needs to be agreed upon at international conferences and summits
- Air and marine pollution affect more than one country at a time
- Tackling environmental problems is a financial burden on certain countries which cannot afford on their own
Water use should be controlled by the government
- Too many citizens still think fresh water is an unlimited resource
- Together, governments can develop agricultural policies that promote efficient water use on a global scale
- Governments could set maximum limits for water consumption
- It is the government’s responsibility to prepare for droughts and other emergency situations
- Water agencies can educate citizens through programmes promoting water conservation and efficient water use
- Partnership with private sector is often necessary to ensure efficient management of water resources
- Rather than punish everyone with water restrictions, it would be better to reward people who manage to conserve water at home
- Ultimately, using water wisely is the responsibility of individuals
- It is mainly by raising taxes and cutting investment that public water utilities manage to keep prices relatively low
- In some countries, bureaucracy, mismanagement, and corruption jeopardize public water systems
Recycle and Reduce
- Buy recycled paper and print on both sides
- Recycle your outdated technology, like cell phones and computers
- Make recycling bins readily available
- Recycle your empty ink and toner cartridges
- Recycle old newspapers lying around in the office or house
- Buy re-manufactured ink and toner cartridges
- Look for the recycled option in all the products that you buy
- Buy rechargeable batteries
- Purchase re-writeable CDs and DVDs
- Reuse your morning coffee cup
- Shop eco-friendly with reusable bags
- Ditch disposable in the kitchen
- Try having food with zero packaging
- Say no to disposable water bottles and paper cups
- Reduce food waste
- Try a new way to buy and sell clothes (donating in consignment or thrift shops, swapping with friends)
- Find a new home for old furniture
- Disposal of e-waste responsibly
- Choose paperless billing
- Join online buy-and-sell groups
- Pollution of rivers, lakes, and seas is a major concern for people who seek to protect the environment. What are the possible causes of water pollution and what effects does this have on animal life and human society?
- There are many extinct species in the world. Some people think we should protect animals from dying out, while others believe we should spend more time on problems of human beings. Discuss both sides and give your opinion
- In your opinion, what environmental problems poses the greatest risk to humanity? Suggest the ways in which it can be solved.
- Environmental pollution is a serious issue and it is important to take steps on an individual level to reduce it. But now, since it is becoming an international issue, it is time to take environmental protection to a higher level. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
- Some people say that new advancements in factory farming and the creation of new combinations of fruits and vegetables are beneficial, while others disagree. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
- Advancements in technology have given rise to several environmental problems. Some people believe that in order to solve those environmental issues, people need to live simpler lives. However, others believe technology is the way to solve these problems. Discuss both the views and give your opinion.
- Explain some of the ways in which humans are damaging the environment. What can governments do to address these problems?
- Some people think governments should spend money on faster means of public transport. However, others think money should be spent on other priorities (e.g., cost, environment). Discuss both the views and give your opinion.
- Some people say that the main environmental problem of our time is the loss of species of plants and animals. Others say that there are more important environmental problems. Discuss both the views and give your opinion.
- Increasing petrol prices is the best way to protect the environment. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
- Young people are much more aware of and concerned about issues like environment, poverty, and animal welfare than previous generations. What is your opinion?
- To solve the ever-increasing environmental hazards throughout the world, the best way is to increase the price of fuel. What is your opinion?
- The key to solving the environment problems is for the present generations to sacrifice their convenient lifestyle for the sake of future generations. Do you agree or disagree?
- Environmental problems around the world are now so severe that an individual can no longer make a positive difference. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
- Some people say that economic growth is the only way to end hunger and poverty, while others say that economic growth is damaging environment so it must be stopped. Discuss both the views and give your opinion.
- Biotechnology companies all over the world are developing different types of genetically modified crops. However, not enough is known about these crops on our health and the environment. Interfering with nature in this way should be prohibited. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
- As countries develop, more and more people buy and use their own cars. Do the advantages of this trend for individuals outweigh the disadvantages for the environment?
- There are many ways in which our world is becoming dangerously polluted. What are some ways in which our environment can be made more pollution-free?
- Cycling is healthier and more environmentally friendly form of transportation. Nevertheless, cycling is getting less popular. What are the reasons for this? What can be done to make cycling more popular?
- First some people think that it is the responsibility of governments to take care of the environment while others believe that it is responsibility of the citizens. Discuss both the views and give your opinion.
- Plastic bags, plastic bottles, and plastic packaging are bad for the environment. What damage does plastic do to the environment? What can be done by government and individuals to solve this problem?
- Deforestation caused by human activity is happening in many parts of the world with serious results for the environment. What do you think can be done to solve this problem?
- These days, the wealthy in society often throw away perfectly good products in order to replace them with more up-to-date models. Do the environmental disadvantages of this development outweigh the economic advantages?
- Environmental issues have always been an international problem because governments are not imposing harsh punishments against offenders. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
- Of all the global environmental problems, desertification is, perhaps, the most threatening for poor rural people. Desertification is the expansion of desert lands into previously non-desert areas. What are the causes and consequences of desertification? How can this issue be solved?
- Nowadays, online shopping is extremely popular. What impact does it have on the environment and people? Who lost their jobs because of it?
- Many efforts have been made by countries to address challenges concerning the environment, but the situation has not improved. What can be the possible reasons for environmental degradation? Are there any solutions to combat this problem?
- Some people think that human needs for farmland, housing, and industry are more important than saving land for endangered animals. Do you agree or disagree with this point of view? Why or why not?
- Restricting air travel is the only way to prevent air pollution. Do you agree?
- Many animals are being hunted to the brink of extinction in order to fulfil the demand and greed of mankind for decorative purposes as well as other reasons, such as traditional medicine. How can this issue be tackled?
- Many people believe that global environmental problems should be dealt with internationally rather than domestically. What is your opinion?
- Global environmental issues are the responsibility of rich nations not of poorer nations. Do you agree with this opinion?
- Some people think that current environmental issues are global problems and should therefore be dealt with by the government while others believe that these problems can only be tackled by individuals. Discuss both the views and give your opinion.
- As a result of growth in some urban centres, the environment in those cities is deteriorating. How could this issue be tackled by both the government and individuals?
- Both governments and individuals are spending vast amounts of money protecting animals and their habitat. This money could be better spent dealing with fundamental issues in society such as poverty and health care. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
- Global warming is one of the biggest threats to our environment. What causes global warming? What solutions are there to this problem?
- With deforestation, urban development and illegal hunting, many animal species are becoming endangered as they lose their habitat and some are even threatened in the point of extinction. Do you think it is important to protect animals? What measures can be taken to deal with this problem?
- Although many people value their public parks, this space could be better used for other purposes such as residential areas for the ever growing population or to develop business and boost economies. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this?
- With increasing populations and ever growing urban centres, many countries are losing their natural beauty spots. What benefits are there to protecting places of natural beauty? How can this be solved?
- The government should reduce the amount of money spent on local environmental problems and instead increase funding into urgent and more threatening issues such as global warming. To what extent do you agree?
- While some people consider global warming to be the most pressing environmental problem which we have at the moment, others believe that deforestation has a more devastating problem impact on our world. Discuss both sides and give your opinion
- Some people think an international car-free day is an effective way to reduce air pollution. Others think there are more effective ways to do this. Discuss both sides and give your opinion.
- Some people think the best way to solve global environmental problems is to increase the cost of fuel. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
- It is often said that governments spend too much money on projects to protect wildlife, while there are other problems that are more important. Do you agree or disagree?
- Human activity has had a negative impact on plants and animals around the world. Some people think that this cannot be changed, while others believe actions can be taken to bring about a change. Discuss both sides and give your opinion.
- Food travels thousands of miles from producers to consumers. Some people think it would be better for the environment and economy if people only ate the local food produced by farmers. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Researched, Organised, and Published by Mr Vasu Borisa (IDP Certified IELTS Tutor) and Mr Jaison Jose (Founder) (IDP Certified IELTS Tutor)
Website Navigation: Home / Resources / Vocabulary for IELTSCollocations for IELTS