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Here are some of the Lexical Resources related to the Topic: Health and Fitness. Go through it thoroughly and then try to practice Cue Cards and Essays regarding the same topic which will be shared below soon. This will help you to understand the subject better, and will help you score more. Best of Luck.
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Aerobic exercise
- Anaerobic exercise
- Endurance
- Flexibility
- Strength training
- Cardiovascular health
- Muscular endurance
- Physical activity
- Exercise regime
- Fitness level
- Body composition
- Body mass index (BMI)
- Calorie intake
- Nutrient-dense foods
- Balanced diet
- Carbohydrates
- Protein
- Fats
- Vitamins
- Minerals
- Fiber
- Water intake
- Hydration
- Metabolism
- Resting metabolic rate (RMR)
- Active metabolic rate (AMR)
- Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
- Catabolism
- Anabolism
- Weight loss
- Weight gain
- Body fat percentage
- Lean body mass
- Obesity
- Overweight
- Underweight
- Eating disorder
- Binge eating
- Anorexia nervosa
- Bulimia nervosa
- Orthorexia
- Exercise addiction
- Injury prevention
- Recovery time
- Sports injury
- Stretching
- Cool-down
- Warm-up
- High-impact exercise
- Low-impact exercise
- Joint health
- Mobility
- Range of motion
- Posture
- Spinal alignment
- Cardiovascular disease
- Type 2 diabetes
- Hypertension
- High blood pressure
- Cholesterol
- Stroke
- Heart attack
- Osteoporosis
- Arthritis
- Asthma
- Allergies
- Immune system
- Mental health
- Depression
- Anxiety
- Stress management
- Meditation
- Yoga
- Pilates
- Tai chi
- Zumba
- CrossFit
- High-intensity interval training (HIIT)
- Resistance bands
- Dumbbells
- Kettlebells
- Treadmill
- Elliptical machine
- Stationary bike
- Rowing machine
- Swimming
- Hiking
- Running
- Walking
- Cycling
- Bodyweight exercises
- Personal trainer
- Group fitness classes
- Fitness community
- Fitness tracker
- Smartwatch
- Health app
- Nutritional supplements
- Performance-enhancing drugs
- Nutrition: The process of providing or obtaining the food necessary for health and growth.
- Metabolism: The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.
- Cardiovascular: Relating to the heart and blood vessels.
- Endurance: The ability to continue doing something difficult or painful over a long period of time.
- Aerobic: Relating to or requiring free oxygen.
- Anaerobic: Relating to or requiring an absence of free oxygen.
- Strength: The ability to exert force against resistance.
- Flexibility: The ability to bend or stretch easily.
- Agility: The ability to move quickly and easily.
- Balance: The ability to maintain an upright position.
- Coordination: The ability to use different parts of the body together smoothly and efficiently.
- Range of motion: The distance through which a joint can move.
- Repetition: The act of doing something again and again.
- Resistance: The degree to which a substance or device opposes the passage of an electric current.
- Reps: Short for "repetitions," which refers to the number of times an exercise is performed.
- Sets: A group of repetitions performed consecutively.
- Intensity: The amount of effort or work required to perform an activity.
- Frequency: The number of times an activity is performed.
- Duration: The length of time that an activity is performed.
- Recovery: The process of returning to a normal state of health, mind, or strength after a period of illness, injury, or exertion.
- Resistance training: A type of exercise that involves working against a force to increase strength and endurance.
- Cardiovascular exercise: Any activity that increases heart rate and works the cardiovascular system.
- Circuit training: A type of exercise that combines resistance and cardiovascular training in a single workout.
- Stretching: The act of extending or lengthening the body or a part of the body.
- Warm-up: A period of light exercise or activity that prepares the body for more intense exercise.
- Cool-down: A period of light exercise or activity that helps the body return to its resting state after intense exercise.
- Body mass index (BMI): A measure of body fat based on height and weight.
- Body composition: The proportion of fat, muscle, and bone in the body.
- Calorie: A unit of energy used to measure the amount of energy in food.
- Metabolic rate: The rate at which the body uses energy.
- Resting heart rate: The number of times the heart beats per minute while the body is at rest.
- Target heart rate: The ideal heart rate range for an individual during exercise.
- Saturated fat: A type of fat that is typically solid at room temperature and is associated with an increased risk of heart disease.
- Unsaturated fat: A type of fat that is typically liquid at room temperature and is associated with a decreased risk of heart disease.
- Carbohydrate: A type of nutrient that provides energy to the body.
- Protein: A type of nutrient that is important for building and repairing tissues in the body.
- Fiber: A type of carbohydrate that is important for digestion and bowel health.
- Vitamin: A type of nutrient that is essential for the body to function properly.
- Mineral: A type of nutrient that is essential for the body to function properly.
- Hydration: The process of providing the body with adequate fluids to maintain proper function.
Exercise
- Improved cardiovascular health
- Weight management
- Increased muscle strength and endurance
- Better bone density
- Reduced risk of chronic diseases
- Improved mental health
- Better sleep
- Increased energy and stamina
- Improved brain function
- Reduced inflammation
- Improved digestion
- Improved immune function
- Lowered risks of falls and injuries due to more balance and flexibility
- Reduced risk of cognitive decline
- Reduced stress
- Improved self-condidence
- Better quality of life
- Social benefits
- Aerobic exercise
- Strength training
- Flexibility exercise
- High-intensity interval training (HIIT)
- Low-impact exercises
- Balance and stability training
- Circuit training
- Functional training
- Pilates
- Tai chi
- Sports
- Set realistic goals
- Mix it up (working out with a friend or partner)
- Create a routine
- Track your progress
- Find a workout buddy
- Reward yourself
- Keep it fun instead of a grueling task
- Join a class or a group
- Make it convenient
- Use technology
- Visualize your success
- Prioritize self-care
- Stay positive
Healthy Eating Habits
- Provides essential nutrients
- Maintains a healthy weight
- Boosts energy level
- Improves mental health
- Strengthens the immune system
- Promotes health aging
- Supports healthy digestion
- Reduces inflammation
- Lowers the risk of heart diseases
- Improves sleep
- Support healthy skin
- Reduces the risk of certain cancers
- Improves brain functions
- Fruits and vegetables - they are rich in vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and fiber, which can help reduce the risk of chronic diseasses such as heart disease, stroke, and cancer. They also help to maintain a healthy weight, improve digestion, and boost immunity
- Whole grains - they are rich in fiber, vitamins, and minerals, which can help reuce the risk of heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and certain types of cancer
- Lean protien - examples like chicken, fish, beans, and tofu, provide essential amino acids that the body needs for growth and repair. Also improves bone health
- Nuts and seeds - they are rich in healthy fats, protien, fiber, vitamins, and minerals, which can help reduce the risk of heart diseae, improve brain function, and reduce inflammation in the body
- Dairy products - like milk, cheese, and yogurt are rich in calcium, which is essential for strong bones and teeth. They also provide protien, vitamins, and minerals that are essential for overall health and well-being
- Fish - rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which can help reduce inflammation in the body and lower the risk of heart disease
- Herbs and spices - such as turmeric, ginger, garlic, and cinnamon, have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which can help reduce the risk of chronic diseases and improve overall health
- Berries - strawberries, blueberries, blackberries, and raspberries are rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and fiber, which can help reduce inflammation in the body, improve brain function, and reduce the risk of chronic illness
- Dark leafy greens - such as spinach, kale, and collard greens, are rich in vitamins, minerals, and fiber, which can help reduce inflammation in the body, improve digestion, and reduce the risk of chronic diseases
- Fermented foods - such as yogurt, kefir, and sauerkraut, contain beneficial bacteria that can improve gut health, boost immunity, and reduce inflammation in the body
- Tea - rich in antioxidants which can help reduce inflammation in the body, improve brain function, and reduce the risk of chronic diseases
- Plan your meals - timing
- Choose whole, nutrient-dense foods
- Pay attention to portion sizes - volume of food consumed
- Limit processed and high-sugar foods - fast food
- Read food labels - ingredients and content
- Cook at home
- Drink plenty of water - at least 8 glasses per day
- Eat mindfully
- Include a variety of colors
- Do not skip meals
- Focus on protien
- Use healthy cooking methods
- Be flexible - do not go too hard on yourself
The Role of Healthcare Professionals
- Health assessments
- Education and awareness
- Goal-setting
- Prescription of exercise
- Monitoring patients’ progress
- Referral to other professionals like dieticians, physical therapists, or personal trainers
- Management of chronic conditions
- Motivation and support
- Collaboration with other medical experts
Health Problems
- Cardiovascular disease - heart disease, stroke, and high blood pressure
- Diabetes - nerve damage, kidney damage, and cardiovascular disease
- Obesity - certain types of cancer and cardiovascular illness
- Mental health conditions - anxiety, depression, and bipolar disorder
- Respiratory conditions - asthma, chronic obstructive pumonary disease, and pneumonia
- Arthiritis - inflammation and pain in the joints
- Cancer - abnormal cell growth
- Gastrointestinal conditions - irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBS), and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
- Skin conditions - acne, eczema, and psoriasis
- Infectious disease - common cold, flu, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
- Allergies - hives, itching, and difficulty breathing
- Chronic pain - fibromyalgia, back pain, or headaches
- Osteoporosis - increasing risk of fractures
- Hearing loss
- Vision problems
- Thyroid conditions - hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidsim
- Sleep disorders - insomnia, hypersomnia, sleep apnea, and restless leg syndrome
- Sexual health conditions - erectile dysfunction, low libido, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
- Autoimmune disorders - lupus, rheumatoid arthiritis, and multiple sclerosis
- Substance abuse and addiction - alcoholism, drug addiction, and tobacco addiction
- Eat a balanced diet
- Exercise regularly
- Get enough sleep
- Do not smoke
- Limit alcohol consumption
- Manage stress
- Get regular check-ups
- Practice good hygiene
- Limit sodium intake and eat a heart-healthy diet
- Control blood sugar levels through medication or lifestyle changes
- Limit red meat and processed food consumption
- Avoid exposure to harmful chemicals
- Consume adequate calcium and vitamin D through diet or supplements
Mental Health
It affects our
- Physical health
- Relationships
- Ability to work and study
- Quality of life
- Community
- Ability to manage stress
- Emotional well-being
- Self-esteem
- Decision-making
- Ability to enjoy life
- Overall health
- Future generations
- Prioritize self-care
- Set boundaries
- Manage your time
- Learn to say no
- Take breaks
- Practice work-life integration
- Avoid multitasking
- Prioritize your important tasks
- Take time off
- Set realistic goals
- Create a supportive work environment
- Seek support
- Practice mindfulness
- Exercise regularly
- Get enough sleep
- Practice relaxation techniques
- Prioritize self-care
- Seek support
- Avoid unhealthy coping mechanisms
- Cultivate healthy relationships
- Practice gratitude
- Challenge negative thinking patterns
- Limit social media and screen time
Healthcare Systems in different countries
Access to healthcare refers to the ability of individuals to obtain healthcare services when they need them. It is an important aspect of public health and is essential for ensuring that individuals can receive timely and appropriate medical care to prevent, diagnose, and treat illnesses
- National Health Service (NHS) in the United Kingdom - it is publicly funded and publicly provided healthcare system. It provides comprehensive healthcare services to all UK residents free of charge at the point of delivery
- Medicare in Australia - it is a publicly funded and publicly provided healthcare system in Australia. It provides free or subsidized healthcare services to all eligible Australian citizens and permanent residents
- Social Health Insurance (SHI) in Germany - it is a system where citizens and employers contribute to a public health insurance fund, which provides health coverage to all members of the fund. Private insurance is also available for those who wish to opt out of the pubic system
- National Health Insurance (NHI) in Taiwan - it is a publicly funded and publicly provided healthcare system in Taiwan. It provides comprehensive healthcare services to all Taiwanese citizens and legal residents
- Private healthcare system in the United States - The US healthcare system is predominantly private, with many Americans obtaining health insurance through their employer or purchasing private health insurance plans. The government provides healthcare services through programs such as Medicare and Medicaid
- Single-player system in Canada - The Canadian healthcare system is a publicly funded, single-payer system. The government pays for healthcare services through taxes, and citizens have access to publicly funded healthcare services
- Dual-system in Singapore - Singapore has a dual healthcare system, with both public and private healthcare providers. The government provides subsidies for healthcare services, and citizens can choose between public or private healthcare providers
- Geographic locations
- Socioeconomic status
- Cultural and linguistic barriers
- Discrimination and bias
- Availability of healthcare services
- Telemedicine
- Community health workers
- Mobile clinics
- Patient navigation
- Health literacy
- Determine your healthcare needs
- Ask for recommendations
- Check credentials
- Research their experience
- Check insurance coverage
- Schedule a consultation
- Check accessibility
- Consider their communication style
- Consider cultural and language needs
- Check hospital affiliations
- Consider cost
- Trust your instincts
Healthy Lifestyle Choices
- Improved physical health
- Increased energy and stamina
- Better mental health
- Improved cognitive function
- Increased longevity
- Better sleep
- Improved self-esteem
- Improved immune function
- Reduced healthcare costs
- Better quality of life
- Better relationships
- Reduced stress and anxiety
- Increased productivity
- Positive environmental impact
- Start with small changes
- Set realistic goals
- Create a plan
- Find support
- Track progress
- Make it enjoyable rather than monotonous
- Be patient
- Focus on whole foods
- Move more
- Practice stress management
- Get enough sleep
- Limit alcohol and tobacco consumption
- Stay hydrated
- Find healthy alternatives
Physical Fitness and Sports
- Improved physical health
- Enhanced mental health
- Social connections
- Teamwork and leadership skills
- Improved academic performance
- Healthy habits
- Improved quality of life
- Increased endurance and flexibility
- Better sleep
- Stress belief
- Goal setting and achievements
- Improved balance and coordination
- Healthy competition
- Improved cognitive function
- Decide which sports one wants to participate in
- Research local sports clubs or teams
- Sign up for a team or class
- Get the necessary equipment and clothing
- Practice and improve your skills
- Participate in competitions or events
- Helps prevent chronic illnesses
- Improves mental health
- Increass strength and endurance
- Boosts immune system
- Helps manage weight
- Improves quality sleep
- Promotes longevity
- Reduces the risk of falls
- Improves cognitive function
- Enhances overall quality of life
- Improves cardiovascular health
- Helps with pain management
- Increases energy levels
- Enhances brain function
Public Health
- Prevents the spread of disease
- Protects vulnerable populations
- Saves lives
- Reduces healthcare costs
- Promotes herd immunity
- Prevents outbreks and epidemics
- Eradicates diseases
- Increases productivity
- Improves global health
- Improves the effectiveness of antibitotics
- Provides long-term protection
- Contribution to public health efforts
Public health campaigns are initiatives aimed at promoting health and preventing illness or disease within a community or population. These campaigns may use various strategies to communicate messages and raise awareness about health issues.
- Anti-smoking campaigns
- Vaccination campaigns
- Healthy eating campaigns
- Physical activity campaigns
- Sexual health campaigns
- Mental health campaigns
- Injury prevention campaigns
Health-related Technologies
- Electronic Health Records (EHRs) - These are digital versions of patient’s medical records that allow for easy access and sharing of patient health information between healthcare providers
- Telehealth - It involves the use of technology, such as video conferencing or messaging platforms, to deliver healthcare services remotely, which can improve access to care, particularly for those living in the rural or undeserved areas
- Wearable devices - Smartwatches and fitness trackers can monitor health metrics, such as heart rate and physical activity, and provide personalized feedback to help individuals improve their health and wellbeing
- Health apps - these can be used to track and monitor health metrics, manage chronic conditions, and provide health education and resources
- Artificial Intelligence - AI can be used to analyze large amounts of data, such as medical images and patient health records, to improve diagnoses, predict health outcomes, and identify potential health risks
- 3d prinitng - it can be used to create customized medical devices and implants, which can improve treatment outcomes for patients
- Robotics - Robotics can be used to assist with surgery, rehabilitation, and other healthcare tasks, improving precision and reducing the risk of human error
Alternative Medicines
- Acupuncture
- Chiropractic
- Herbal medicine
- Homeopathy
- Naturopathy
- Traditional Chinese medicine
- Meditation
- Yoga
- Reiki
- Aromatherapy
- Ayurveda
- Energy healing
Global Health Issues
- Airborne transmission - sneezing and coughing
- Waterborne transmission - contaminated water
- Foodborne transmission - contaminated food such as undercooked or improperly stored meat, poultry, fish, or dairy products
- Vectore-borne transmission - bites of infected insects such as mosquitoes or ticks
- Direct contact transmission - direct physical contact through touching, kissing, or sexual contact
- Indirect contact transmission - contaminated objects or surfaces such as doors, handles, countertops, or medical equipment
- Mother-to-child transmission - during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding
- Pollution - air, water, and soil pollution can all have negative impacts on human health
- Chemicals - exposure to hazardous chemicals in teh environment can lead to a range of health problems, including cancer, respiratory illnesses, and reproductive problems
- Climate change - climate change can cause an increase in extreme weather events like floods, heatwaves, and storms, which can impact health through injury, disease, and stress
- Poor sanitation - lack of access to clean water and proper sanitation can lead to the spread of waterborne diseases like cholera and dysentery
- Infectious diseases - the spread of infectious diseases can be exacerbated by poor sanitation, overcrowding, and environmental factors like contaminated water and air
- Hazardous waste - improper disposal of hazardous waste can lead to contamination of soil, air, and water sources, which can have serious health impacts
- Natural disasters - natural disasters like earthquakes, hurricanes, and floods can cause injuries, loss of life, and damage to infrastructure leading to health hazards
- Urbanization - rapid urbanization can lead to overcrowding, poor sanitation, and increased pollution, which can all contribute to health hazards
Exercise for different age groups
- Running and jogging
- Jumping rope
- Climbing
- Dancing
- Swimming
- Cycling
- Yoga
- Strength training
- Sports
- Stretching
- Cardiovascular exercises
- Resistance training
- High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT)
- Yogas and pilates
- Group fitness classes
- Walking
- Tai chi
- Hiking
- Rowing
- Crossfit
- Zumba
- Walking
- Chair exercises
- Water aerobics
- Yoga
- Resistance band exercises
- Tai Chi
- Cycling
- Pilates
- Stretching
Fitness in the Workplace
- Improved physical health
- Increased creativity and productivity
- Reduced stress and anxiety
- Improved morale
- Better focus on the alloted tasks
- Enhanced work-life balance
- Improved recruitment
- Improved brand reputation
- Better team-building
- Reduced absenteeism and healthcare costs
- Improved employee retention
- Participate in fitness activities
- Advocate for fitness initiatives
- Encourage peers
- Take breaks for physical activity
- Model healthy behaviors
- Organize fitness challenges
- Create walking or biking groups
- Take advantage of workplace wellness programs
- Create a fitness-friendly workspace
- Share healthy recieps
- Support flexible work arrangements
Barriers to fitness
- Lack of time due to busy life
- Cost of memberships, fitness classes, and personal trainers
- Lack of motivation
- Health conditions or injuries
- Access to facilities
- Social and cultural barriers
- Lack of knowledge
- Psychological barriers
- Physical discomfort
- Weather conditions
- Transportation
- Busy lifestyle
- Time management
- Financial assistance
- Social support
- Modification of exercise routine
- Access to facilities
- Education
- Mental health support
- Comfortable environment
- Goal-setting
- Flexibility
- Tracking progress
- Seek professional guidance
- Positive self-talk
- Personalization
- Incorporating fitness into daily routines
Technology and Fitness
- Technology has revolutionized the fitness industry and has had a significant impact on how people exercise and maintain their health.
- Wearable fitness technology - fitness trackers, smartwatches, and heart rate monitors, can track fitnes goals, monitor exercise intensity, and provide feedback to users
- Fitness apps - MyFitnessPal, Nike Training Club, and Fitbit, offer a variety of workouts, tracking features, and social connections to help users stay motivated and achieve their fitness goals
- Virtual fitness classes - platforms such as Peloton and Les Mills, allow users to participate in live or pre-recorded workouts from the comfort of their own homes
- Online coaching - platforms such as Trainerize and TrueCoach provide users with customised workout plans and support from certified fitness professionals
- Virtual reality - Oculus and Quest 2 offers immersive fitness experiences incuding virtual reality boxing, dancing, and other types of exercise
- Nutrition and diet tracking - MyFitnessPal and Loselt allow users to log meals and track calorie intake
Role of Government in promoting health and fitness
- Education - government can invest in public health education campaigns to increase awareness of the benefits of physical activity and healthy lifestyle choices
- Funding and resources - they can allocate resources and funding for the development of pubic health programs including the promotion of physical activity and fitness initiatives
- Infrastructure - they can invest in the development of parks, trails, and other public spaces that promote physical activity and outdoor recreation
- Policies and regulations - they can implement policies and regulations that support healthy lifestyle choices and promote physical activity, such as requiring physical education in schools and promoting workplace wellness programs
- Incentives - they can provide incentives for individuals and organizations that promote exercises and healthy lifestyles, such as tax breaks for companies that provide wellness programs for their employees
- Partnerships - government can partner with private organizations, community groups, and other stakeholders to promote physical activity and healthy lifestyles
- Research and evaluation - they can invest in research and evaluation to better understand the impact of physical activity and fitness initiatives and to inform future policies and programs
Exercise and Injury Prevention
- Increases heart rate
- Enhances blood flow
- Improve flexibility
- Increases body temperature
- Enhances mental preparation
- Improves performance
- Reduces muscle soreness
- Enhances joint lubrication
- Helps to prevent injury
- Provides a mental break
- Reduces heart rate
- Helps remove waste products
- Enhances flexibility
- Helps to prevent blood pooling
- Enhances mental recovery
- Improves circulation
- Reduces muscle soreness
- Enhances joint lubrication
- Provides a mental break
- Helps with recovery
- Warm-up
- Use proper technique
- Use appropriate equipment
- Increase intensity gradually
- Rest and recover
- Stay hydrated
- Stretch
- Listen to your body
- Cross-train
- Cool down exercise
- Get enough rest
- Be aware of your surroundings
- Use appropriate safety gear
- Seek professional advice
Researched, Organised, and Published by Mr Vasu Borisa (IDP Certified IELTS Tutor) and Mr Jaison Jose (Founder) (IDP Certified IELTS Tutor)
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